Blog Re-Defining R-Value
Friday, 04 March 2011 20:35

Re-Defining R-Value

Written by  Joe Ann Hurst

Re-Defining R-Value

The higher the R-Value, the more efficient the building insulation:  True or False?

To answer that, let’s first review what “R-Value” is, and if the definition still applies to today’s insulation applications.

R-Value is the measure of a material’s resistance to heat transfer, and in the building and construction industry, has always been the standard to assess a structure’s thermal performance.  The R-Value test, performed under guidelines of ASTM C518, considers the resistance of the combined ways in which heat is transferred, including:

Conduction:  the transfer of thermal energy within a solid substance, such as insulation.  Typically accounts for 20% of building’s heat loss.

Convection:  or “air leakage”; transfer of air molecules through insulation, (and ultimately the outside walls.)  Typically accounts for up to 80% of energy loss.

Interestingly, the R-value test method places more weight on conduction, rather than convection, even though considerably more energy is lost as air leakage.  Basically, this was driven by the types of material that were traditionally used for insulation, namely fiber.

With the advent of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF), the importance of R-Value needs to be re-evaluated.  For example:

Just ¼ inch of closed-cell foam can stop 99% of heat loss by convection.

Three inches of closed cell foam will prevent 95% of heat loss by conduction.

The same holds true for air-conditioned structures.

As The R-value is less standardized for SPF products than for fiberglass or mineral wool products, (it varies by manufacturer), here is a Guideline we think you may find helpful:

Spray Foam Insulation – Type

R-Value Per Inch (Average)

2 Lb. Closed Cell

6.6

½ Lb. Open Cell

3.6

1 Lb. Open Cell

4.5

 

So, to revisit our question – True, a higher R-value is better, but in light of today’s superior insulation products, maybe the question should be:  Do we need a different grading system for thermal performance?  SPFs will create an air-tight seal for your home, and closed cell SPFs offer higher R-Values per inch than conventional insulating alternatives.  This is something to consider when weighing your options for an energy-efficient, comfortable, and healthy building environment.

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